This paper firstly introduces the summary about the basic principle and method of identification. Then discusses several effective identification methods in view of the closed-loop system, and has conducted the simulation research, includes following several aspects specifically.Firstly, identification experiment is discussed. In many papers about identification, estimating algorithms are concerned more attention than experiment design of identification. If experiment design is unreasonable, then the result of identification is not reliable. If the concept of identification is just founded on a group of algorithms or simply form of ” data in , model out “, the result of identification will always be fallaciously. Discussing some problem such as selection of the input and output, sampling frequency, testing signal and pretreatment of data in detail, tabling a proposal of methods of collecting necessary information for characteristic of process .Introducing some algorithms of identification for open-loop system in brief, then introducing identification method for closed-loop system . Illuminating its characteristic by simulation instance, and indicating its shortcoming of this method in practical applications .Finally , this paper introduce an asymptotic identification approach based on NLJ method. The modified method has advantages of both methods, it can improve accuracy of NLJ method without the special signal of asymptotic method. It can obtain the exactly model without disturbance of the process and has been proved by industry application.

Polyaspartic acid（PASP） is a kind of scale inhibitor and polymer of amino acids which has attracted much attention of domestic and international researchers. There is no phosphor in pasp,it is not poisonous and can be totally biologic decomposed in the environment. The polyaspartic acid（PASP） polymer can be obtained by hydrolyzing PSI. the use of the ammonia gas was avoided. The react condition was optimized.All factors of the synthesizing and hydrolyzing were studied. The best preparation condinion was:the ratio MA:AM=1.2,the microwave radiation is 900W,and the time of microwave radiation is 12min.The average conversion rate attained71.7% on this condition. The best hydrolyzing factors was: hydrolyzing temperature 60℃, hydrolyzing time is 60 min,concentration of NaOH is 10mol/L.The average conversion rate attained 51.2% on this condition,and the relative molecular weight is about 3500.The IR and TG test were carried out for the product synthesized on above condition. The characyeristic peaks indicated there were amido and carboxyl groups in the molecule. Also the chart was compared with the consulted one and it proved the product was PASP. The TG analyses indicated that it was considered as a kind of water treatment medicine that can be applied at high temperature up to 400℃in water system.The scale inhibiting performance of PASP on CaCO₃ was investigated. Its mixture dosage were 60mg/L,the scale inhibiting performance was good respectively. The scale inhibiting performance of PASP on CaSO₄、BaSO₄ was investigated. The study showed that PASP was also suitable for high calcium ion. There was little difference between scale inhibiting performance of PASP on CaSO₄、BaSO₄.By quantitatively analyzing the equilibriumc oncentrations of Ca²⁺ and CO₃^2- in a super-saturated CaCO₃ solution,determining the CaCO₃ crystal structure. For PASP inhibiting the formation of CaCO₃ scale,the reasons that better scale-inhibiting performance of PASP than those of polyacrylic acid and hydrolyzed maleic anhydride had been studied.

In view of developing coal-based poly-generation and the requirements of IGCC to coal gasification technology, the pulverized coal pressurized dense transport bed gasification technology, proposed by Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, can deal with coal of high sulfur, high ash, high ash melting point and also has excellent peak load regulation performance. The experiment and simulation study on gas-solid flow in a transport bed is made in the thesis.An experiment study is carried out in a square cross-section transport bed with 10m high and cross-sectional area of 0.27×0.27 m~2. The effects of superficial gas velocity, circulation rate and exit structure on axis solids concentration distributions have been obtained. The cold experiment results indicate that the axis solids concentration distributions contain a dilute region towards the top and a dense region near the bottom giving a exponential shape profile; Solids concentration minishes with increasing superficial gas velocity, and rises with increasing circulation rate in the same height position; Exit structure mainly affects the solids concentration near the exit of bed, under abrupt exit, the bed solids concentration contain a dilute region in the middle and a dense region near the bottom and top giving a C-shape profile. Based on the square cross-section transport bed cold experiment results, in accordance with the test requirements, a circular transport bed test rig with a riser of 0.187 m in diameter and 10 m in high has been built. Some preliminary experiments have been made, its circulation rate reaches 222 kg/m~2s, and the dense region (ε_s> 0.1) reaches 3.5 meters height of the bed.The factors which impact bed pressure drop in the cold test are analyzed, and the nondimensional criterion number equation of bed pressure drop has been obtained. According to test results, the correlations for calculating bed pressure distribution, solids concentration distribution and the total bed pressure drop were presented respectively, and the calculations are agreed well with experimental data. This paper simulates and examines the fluid dynamical characteristics of the gas-solid flow in a transport bed by using the computational fluid dynamics commercial software Fluent, which adoptes the Eulerian two-fluid model. By taking cluster effects into account, it uses the energy-minimization multi-scale model to improve the drag force between gas and solid. The simulation result well accord with the experiment result, and can well describle the actual status in the transport bed. This implies that the gas-solid drag model considering the cluster effects can well describle the dense gas-solid two-phase heterogeneous flow.

Gas separation membranes have been developed fast due to their high separation efficiency, low energy consumption and simple operation. The application of polymeric membranes is widely limited in gas separation because they can’t exceed the Robesen upper bound and can’t endure high temperature and corrosive environments. Carbon membrane is a novel inorganic membrane material which shows enormous potential in gas separation because of its super microporous, good thermal and chemical resistance. But the low gas permeability of carbon membrane limited its industry application. In order to settle this problem, we incorporate zeolite of uniform micro porous into carbon membrane precursors. The Zeolite/Carbon hybrid membranes exhibit higher gas permeability and without losing the O₂/N₂ selectivity compared with the traditional pure carbon membranes.Zeolite /Carbon hybrid carbon membranes were fabricated by carbonizing the polyimide precursors hybridized by zeolites such as ZSM-5, 6, and Y. The gas permeation performance of the hybrid carbon membranes were tested by using pure single gases including H₂, CO₂, O₂ and N₂, and the microstructure of the hybrid carbon membranes were characterized by XRD and TEM. The effects of zeolite loading, particle size, channel structure, cationic form and thermal stability on the permeability and microstructure of the hybrid carbon membranes were also investigated.The results show that the Zeolite /Carbon hybrid membranes exhibit higher O₂ gas permeability without losing the O₂/N₂ selectivity compared to the traditional pure carbon membranes. As zeolite loading increase , the gas permeability of Zeolite /Carbon hybrid membranes increases and the gas selectivity decrease. The O₂ permeability of the Zeolite Y /Carbon hybrid membranes prepared at 700℃with the zeolite loading of 15% is 501bareer with a O₂/N₂ selectivity of 15.6. The increase of particle size which caused by zeolite agglomeration has little effect on gas permeability of the hybrid membrane, but decreases the gas selectivity. As the zeolite particle size increase which caused by the increase of zeolite single crystal diameter, the gas permeability of Zeolite /Carbon hybrid membranes increases, but the gas selectivity decrease. It is believed that the gas diffusion resistance in zeolite /carbon hybrid membranes decreases with the increase of zeolite pore size. Thus, the Zeoliteβ/carbon membrane shows higher gas permeability than that of ZSM-5/carbon membrane because the pore of zeolite 8 is larger than that of zeolite ZSM-5. The change of cations will affect the adsorption capacity of zeolite; Zeolite NaY’s adsorption of CO₂ is stronger than that of HY. The CO₂ permeability of the Zeolite NaY /Carbon hybrid membranes is lower than that of Zeolite HY because of the stronger adsorption of CO₂ in NaY zeolite. Carbonization temperature has an important influence on gas separation of zeolite/carbon hybrid membranes. As the carbonization temperature increase the gas permeability of Zeolite /Carbon hybrid membranes decrease, the selectivity increase. Increase the carbonization temperature from 700℃to 800℃, the gas permeability of both Zeolite I3/Carbon hybrid membranes and Zeolite Y/Carbon hybrid membranes decrease significantly. The crystal structure of Zeolite Y is destroyed due to its thermal unstability which lead to the gas permeability of Zeolite Y /Carbon hybrid membranes is close to that of traditional pure carbon membrane.

With acidic etching and fluorination treatment, super-hydrophobic surface is successfully fabricated on aluminous sheet. Water contact angle on the surface is larger than 150°and contact angle hysteresis is about 4°(5μL droplet) . The resultant surfaces are analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is shown that a “labyrinthic” structure with mass cuboid plateaus and caves is formed on the surface of aluminous sheet. Surface microstructures are the key to the preparation of super-hydrophobic surfaces.Water-repellency of the super-hydrophobic surface is studied in some aspects, such as the droplet’s behaviors on the super-hydrophobic surface, the effects of the organic compound content in water on the wettability of the surface, the phase transformation process on the super-hydrophobic surface. It is shown that the super-hydrophobic surface has the characters of no-droplet adherence, oleophilic and dropwise condensation.Based on above research, super-hydrophobic aluminous micro-channels are successfully fabricated by reasonable ameliorating preparation techniques and experiment conditions. Heat transfer and fluid flow of deionized water flowing laminarly in the super-hydrophobic/hydrophilic microchannel are studied experimentally. The results show that the pressure drop and f·Re in super-hydrophobic micro-channels are lower than that of super-hydrophilic micro-channels, dimensionless pressure drop is fluctuating and the heat transfer coefficient and Nu in super-hydrophobic micro-channels are lower than that of super-hydrophilic micro-channels. The analysis result is that the air-layer existing in the micro – nano structures of the super-hydrophobic surface decreases flow resistance evidently and , in the same time, blocks heat transfer to a certain extent.The apparent heat transfer coefficient of super-hydrophobic micro-channels is computed in which the heat conduction of a stationary air-layer in no-slip boundary is considered. It is found that the apparent heat transfer coefficient is lower than experimental data and the difference increases with air-layer’s thickness. It is supposed that eddy flow is generated in the micro-nano bubbles by the slip flow of water at the wall, which enhances the heat transfer.

In the turbulent stabilized liquid-liquid dispersions, the breakage and coalescence process influence the mass transfer, reactions rates and the inter-phase area between two phases. The study of drop diameters and distributions in oil-water dispersion system and the drop size distribution is one of the crucial aspects in chemical engineering and the study of multiphase fluid.The particle size in oil-water dispersions in stirred tank is theoretically and experimentally studied in this paper. Nowadays, Coulaloglou and Tavlarides model is widely used to calculate the breakage and coalescence process coexisting in the system. But, since the dispersion viscosity has not been considered in the Coulaloglou and Tavlarides model, the calculating results different a lot compared to the experimental data in some circumstances. The films between the coalescing drops are divided into three types according to the surface tension exerting on the intervening films, which are fully mobile, partially mobile and immobile. The type of the intervening film is usually predicted before modeling through the physical properties of the system. The dispersion viscosity hasn’t been considered in the models of drops with immobile interface since the large dispersion viscosity. Coulaloglou and Tavlarides model assumes the intervening films between colliding drops are immobile, and the drops are assumed as rigid ones, which clearly is a weakness. To overcome the disadvantage, the viscosity effect on coalescence is further considered in the drop deformation and coalescence process in the present model on the basis of Coulaloglou and Tavlarides model.In order to testify the solidification of the modified model, the population balance equation is adopted to calculate the Sauter mean diameters and particle size distributions of the experiments in the literature. The liquid paraffin-water system is experimentally studied in this paper to testify the modified model. The Sauter mean diameters measurement experiment is carried out in the temperature range from 20℃to 60℃and impeller speed from 200r/min to 600r/min. The pictures of the drops are taken by the digital camera and microscope analyzed by the software of Image-Pro. Compared with several systems in the literature, the results show that the modified model predictions are in a better agreement with the experimental data than Coulaloglou and Tavlarides model.

Distillation, which is presently being applied to the industrial level in crude oil refine, chemical engineering and natural gas processing, is one of the most widely used separation technology in present industry and almost the largest energy consumption unit operation. Therefore, it is very important to have the investigation of the energy saving in the distillation process under the circumstance of energy source deficiency.Thermally coupled distillation column consists of two towers, and it is a kind of complex columns. It has much less irreversible energy loss and higher Thermodynamic Efficiency in distillation process because of the reversible mixed property. It both conserves energy and saves the equipment investment, but also has other merits, thus it has the extremely attractive prospects for development. Therefore, it attracts many eyes from academic and industry circles.Thermally coupled distillation columns can reduce energy consumption and capital investment comparing to conventional distillation consequences for separation of ternary and multi components mixtures with the application of Aspen Plus software, rigorous simulations were firstly performed to the thermally coupled distillation columns for ternary hydrocarbon mixture separation, focusing on how middle component fractional recovery influences overall expense under the conditions of different feed compositions and diverse relative volatilities.Thermodynamic efficiency calculations and energy requirements have been performed for the separation of ternary mixtures of hydrocarbons in both 2 kinds of conventional and 3 kinds of thermally coupled distillation sequences.When ternary mixtures were considered, energy savings achieved in the thermally coupled distillation sequences were between 10 and 50% in comparison to the two conventional distillation sequences. Regarding thermodynamic efficiency, thermally coupled distillation sequences presented the highest values in almost all of the cases considered. When the Ease of Separation Index is around 1 or less than 1, When the Ease of Separation Index is around 1 or less than 1, thermally coupled distillation columns are better. And when the middle component composition is higher, thermally coupled distillation columns is better.

Distillation, which is presently being applied to the industrial level in crude oil refine, chemical engineering and natural gas processing, is one of the most widely used separation technology in present industry and almost the largest energy consumption unit operation. Therefore, it is very important to have the investigation of the energy saving in the distillation process under the circumstance of energy source deficiency.Thermally coupled distillation column consists of two towers, and it is a kind of complex columns. It has much less irreversible energy loss and higher Thermodynamic Efficiency in distillation process because of the reversible mixed property. It both conserves energy and saves the equipment investment, but also has other merits, thus it has the extremely attractive prospects for development. Therefore, it attracts many eyes from academic and industry circles.Thermally coupled distillation columns can reduce energy consumption and capital investment comparing to conventional distillation consequences for separation of ternary and multi components mixtures with the application of Aspen Plus software, rigorous simulations were firstly performed to the thermally coupled distillation columns for ternary hydrocarbon mixture separation, focusing on how middle component fractional recovery influences overall expense under the conditions of different feed compositions and diverse relative volatilities.Thermodynamic efficiency calculations and energy requirements have been performed for the separation of ternary mixtures of hydrocarbons in both 2 kinds of conventional and 3 kinds of thermally coupled distillation sequences.When ternary mixtures were considered, energy savings achieved in the thermally coupled distillation sequences were between 10 and 50% in comparison to the two conventional distillation sequences. Regarding thermodynamic efficiency, thermally coupled distillation sequences presented the highest values in almost all of the cases considered. When the Ease of Separation Index is around 1 or less than 1, When the Ease of Separation Index is around 1 or less than 1, thermally coupled distillation columns are better. And when the middle component composition is higher, thermally coupled distillation columns is better.

Due to its low energy consumption,low capital cost and simplicity,free phase inversion and good separation properties etc.,membrane separation is widely investigated in recent years.High silica MFI zeolite membrane（silicalite-1）posses potential applications for separation ethanol etc.organic solvent aqueous solutions,and other membrane process such as catalytic membrane reactors due to its regular zeolitic pore size,hydrophobicitity and high thermail and chemical stability.In this paper,Silicalite-1 zeolite membranes have been successfully synthesized on theα-Al₂O₃ supports by secondary thermal synthesis and on stainless steel tubes by the two-stage varying-temperature synthesis,and their properties were characterized by XRD,SEM,EPMA and single gas permeance etc..Finally,Silicalite-1 zeolite membranes are used to separat EtOH/water mixtures.Firstly,the influencing factors of template TPABr and TPAOH,water content,alkalinity content,crystallization time and temperature on the formaion of silicalite-1 zeolite particles were investigated respectively.The as-prepared zeolite crystal were uniformly sized within the range of 0.1～4μm.Using TPABr as template,synthesis solution experiences the gel formation and decomposing process.But TPAOH as template does not experience the process.Secondly,Silicalite-1 zeolite membrane was successfully synthesized on tubularα-Al₂O₃ support by secondary hydrothermal synthesis with vacuum seeding.The influencing factros of vacuum,seed concentration and seed size on the preparation of silicalite-1 zeolite membrane were investigated.When the size of seed was close to support pores and pressure is 0.06～0.07 MPa,a homodisperse and continues seed layer could be prepared by this method.The gas permeation tests indicate that,at room temperature,the permeance of H₂ is 3.25×10^-7 mol·m^-2·s^-1·Pa^-1,and idea selectivity of H₂/N₂ and H₂/SF₆ are 4.1 and 133.2 respectively. exhibiting a good separation performance.Thirdly,the influencing factros of different structure-directing agents and supports on the morpholigy,thickness and gas separation performance of silicalite-1 zeolite membrane were investigated.Using TPAOH as structure-directing agents,the thickness of the membrane is about 4μm,the permeance of H₂ is 9.84×10^-7mol·m^-2·s^-1·Pa^-1,and idea selectivity of H₂/SF₆ is 49;but using TPABr as structure-directing agents,the permeance of H2 is 1.91×10^-8 mol·m^-2·s^-1·Pa^-1,and idea selectivities of H₂/SF₆ is 3.66.The effect of the support characters on the permeance of the zeolite membrane is also very important.At last,the pervaporation separation performances of ethanol from its 5 wt%aqueous solution by using the obtained membranes were examined at 60℃.The affecting factors of structure-directing agent,the support property,Water/Silica ratio on the pervaporation performance were investigated.Using TPAOH as the structure-directing agents,at 60℃,the flux of the EtOH/Water is 0.62 kg·m^-2·h^-1and idea selectivity is 33.8.Using TPABr as the structure-directing agents,both of the flux and idea selectivity are lower than using TPAOH as the structure-directing agents.

Gas dehumidification process by membrane technology is a newly developed dehumidification technology, which has been successfully applied in natural gas and air dehumidification etc. fields. Dehumidification by membrane technology possesses many advantages, such as low investment, low energy consumption, convenient usage and flexible operation etc., having a broad prospect for development.When used as butyl rubber reaction solvent and refrigerant respectively, methyl chloride and 1,1- difluoroethane (HFC-152a) have critical requirements for their water contents. The current commonly adopted gas deep dehumidification technology is molecular sieve adsorption, which requires large equipment investment, complicated operation and high energy consumption. While the adoption of membrane technology coupled with molecular sieve adsorption could make a combination of the technical advantages of these two methods, i.e., middle degree dehumidification of membrane technology and deep dehumidification of adsorption, so as to achieve stable production and low energy consumption. In this work, the membrane dehumidification unit is investigated, and the site experiment of removal of water vapor from methyl chloride by membrane technology is conducted. Under the operation pressure of 0.15～0.35Mpa, the water content of methyl chloride feed gas could be reduced from 2000ppmw to below 300ppmw, which satisfies the actual requirement of factory. The decreases of temperature and water content of feed gas would cause significant decrease to the apparent separation factor. Concentration polarization is commonly recognized as the cause of this change.The studies of concentration polarization during gas membrane separation are quite few, and most of which neglect the influence of membrane structure in the modeling process, thus far from the real situation. According to this problem, membrane support layer structure is added into the computational simulation region in this paper, to establish an extended model of concentration polarization during gas membrane separation. Through study, the mass transfer resistances of main flow boundary layer, support layer membrane hole and dense layer are obtained, and the resistance inside support layer membrane hole is found to be approximately twice as much as the resistance of main flow boundary layer. So the influence of support layer can not be ignored. With the above extended model, the influences of feed gas surface flow velocity, pressure, composition, permeation flux and separation factor on the concentration polarization degree are investigated, and feed gas pressure and permeation flux are found to most affect the concentration polarization.The experimental result of dehumidification of methyl chloride doesn’t accord well with the calculation result of concentration polarization model. So the competitive condensation permeation mechanism is proposed in this paper. The site experiment of dehumidification of HFC-152a further validates the correctness of this competitive condensation permeation mechanism. Through calculating the interaction parameter of each permeation composition, water vapor is shown to interact strongly with methyl chloride and HFC-152a. At the same time with competitive permeation, mixed clusters phenomena may also exist. According to the existing problems in the dehumidification process of HFC-152a in factory, the freeze-membrane-adsorption coupled dehumidification process is desigened, and the energy consumption is relatively low.