Based on previous research, absorption issues such as little adsorption capacity, lower adsorption efficiency and so on are main challenges in the application of ion exchange technology. Herein, taking full account of”channel nano-size effect”with porous adsorbent, choosing zeolite molecular sieve as ion exchanger, calcium for the exchange of object, ultrasonic means to strengthen, effect of ultrasound on process intensification of ion exchange are further studied.Static adsorption experimental results show that, Langmuir equation linear fit form can not describe calcium ion adsorption on zeolite molecular sieve properly and it is found that the equilibrium adsorption poins in the examined range are most accurately predicted by using Redlich-Peterson curve fit. But mechanism of calcium ion adsorption on zeolite molecular sieve can not be explained by Redlich-Peterson curve fit, since it can only as a method of date processing, and can not fully explain the adsorption mechanism during complex system. According to thermodynamics theory, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and entropy are figured out. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrate that the feasibility of the ion exchange reaction because the value ofΔG m0 is negative, which shows that absorption process can be spontaneous, and the endothermic reaction because the value ofΔH 0 is positive, which support the experiment fact that high temperature is advantageous to the calcium ion absorption. Besides adsorption activation energy is 7.20 kJ . mol^-1, which also proves that absorption process easier.Dynamics research results show that, the cation exchange capacity of zeolite molecular sieve is determined as 78.65 mg/g. The calcium ion diffusion on zeolite molecular sieve is controlled by film diffusion control at lower calcium ion concentration （50 mg/L） and by particle diffusion control at higher calcium ion concentration （such as 1200 mg/L） and by film and particle diffusion control jointly at middle calcium ion concentration （such as 300 mg/L）. Ultrasound can change the exchange control mechanism that is converted into particle diffusion control, no matter under the condition of lower calcium ion concentration or higher calcium ion concentration. Besides, ultrasound can not only improve adsorption rate, but also adsorption ratio, and the adsorption ratio increases with ultrasound intensity. Ultrasound frequency has little effect on adsorption ratio. Temperature parallel experimental results indicates that the increase of adsorption capacity with ultrasound not only due to thermal effect but also to non-thermal effect.X-ray diffraction and electron microscope scan results show that the the purity of zeolite molecular sieve samples is high and is the standard X-type zeolite. X-ray diffraction analyses of semi-quantitative and qualitative results show that ion exchange adsorption is the main adsorption mechanism.The mechanism of ultrasonic strengthen ion exchange adsorption mass transfer of zeolite molecular sieve mainly attribute to the additional effect which caused by ultrasonic cavitations, make the boundary layer film thinner, providing calcium ions with high energy to overcome the ” channel nano-size effect,” decreases the mass transfer resistance. Besides, ultrasound may make hydrated calcium hydrate layer thinner, easy to diffuse through channels, which may also be the strengthen mechanism. Ultrasound strengthen ion exchange adsorption mass transfer process belongs to fluid-force chemistry effects areas.

Automatic die-cutting machine is one of the most important equipments in printing industry, high speed, high precision and high efficiency have become the important trend of it. In this paper, kinematics and dynamics of cam mechanism and die-cutting mechanism in die-cutting machine are studied and some measures are carried out in order to improve it’s performance.First, dual-elbow-bar mechanism is the core component as the die-cutting mechanism. It’s mechanical function will directly affect the working ability. This paper introduces a method of it’s kinematic analysis based on Product of Exponentials Formula. By using this method, kinematic analysis of dual-elbow-bar mechanism in die-cutting machine is carried out and kinematic equations are built. The Virtual Prototyping model of dual-elbow-bar mechanism is also built with ADAMS, kinematic and dynamic simulation are also given. The angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration and the corresponding curves of each component in a motion period are obtained. The results agree with the analysis based on Product of Exponentials Formula. The optimum design with three variables is carried out, it can be seen that the kinematics performance of it is improved clearly. An innovative die-cutting mechanism drived by dual-cam mechanism is designed. And then taking into account the clearance between the linkage and crank, the analysis of kinematic and dynamic is given.On the basis of kinematic analyzing, virtual prototyping model of cam mechanism is built with ADAMS. Motion characteristic of cam is carried out, after the motion rule is analyzed, MS motion rule is chosen, and according to it better cam profile is designed. The dynamic performance of cam mechanism is improved. Meanwhile, the C program which is used to improve the motion characteristic of cam is developed. Two method are carried out to decide motion rule if Parallel Indexing Cam profile is known, an example is given. The follower seperation is a major impediment to the increase of operating speed of force-closed cam mechanisms. A mathematical model is developed for analyzing the critical time of follower seperation. The proper preload and stiffness of spring is obtained. The oil film between the camshaft and follower surfaces can be regarded as a system with mass, spring and damping. The film thickness, the equivalent stiffness of the film and the dynamic model of cam mechanisms are considered.

During the Electroslag remelting (ESR) the hydride in the slag is an important source of hydrogen content in the steel of earlily remelting. Therefore, Roasting Measures, as an effective way to remove the hydride in the slag, have to be studied. The source and removing temperature of hydrates, the hydration resistance performance of the slag and the dynamics issues of roasting are mainly studied in this thesis.In regard of the source of hydrates, the hydride in the component and the new slag are analysed by the means of TG, XRD and DTA. The mainly hydrous substances come from Lime, industrial alumina, followed by magnesia; there are almost no hydrogen compounds in the fluorite and quartz. the rest is reserved; The materials such asγ-Al2O3, CaO and MgO are the major hydrophilic substances.and a part of them combine with water and generate Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2. there still a lot of water reserved byγ-Al2O3. In addition, when the temperature reached 600℃, the mostly hydrogen compounds in the slag are removed; when the temperature reached 800℃, calcium carbonate completely decompose.In the view of hydration resistance technique and the characteristic of slag, effect of the mass percent of lime and industrial alumina content, baking temperature, baking time, granularity, premelted slag on the anti-hydration performance of slag are studied respectively..The results showed that the baking temperature increase, the extension of baking time, granularity increase and the premelted slag are conductive to raise the anti-hydration performance of the slag; on the contrary, increasing lime and industrial alumina content in slag would reduce the anti-hydration performance of the slag. At the same time, the higher the baking temperature is, the more obvious the effect on anti-hydration performance of the slag by other factors is. The research has also finded that increasing CaO would reduce the anti-hydration performance of the premelted slag.Through the thermogravimetric experiment, the pyrolytic decomposition dynamics issues of slag have been studied. The effects of the mass percent of lime, industrial alumina content, baking temperature, thickness of slag on the baking time are studied respectively and and the corresponding dynamic equations are fitted. The experiment result demonstrate that that increasing the thickness of slag decreasing baking temperature increasing content of lime in the slag can significantly extend the baking time; but the effect of industrial alumina content on the baking time is feeble.According to the above mentioned results, when it is strict on the hydrogen content in the ingot, hot slag can be used for ESR on condition that its granularitu is bigger than 0.45mm and baking temperature is higher than 600℃; when cold slag is used for ESR, its need baked over 1000℃and crushed before ESR; when premelted slag is processed for ESR, its need its need baked over 600℃and crushed before ESR.

During the Electroslag remelting (ESR) the hydride in the slag is an important source of hydrogen content in the steel of earlily remelting. Therefore, Roasting Measures, as an effective way to remove the hydride in the slag, have to be studied. The source and removing temperature of hydrates, the hydration resistance performance of the slag and the dynamics issues of roasting are mainly studied in this thesis.In regard of the source of hydrates, the hydride in the component and the new slag are analysed by the means of TG, XRD and DTA. The mainly hydrous substances come from Lime, industrial alumina, followed by magnesia; there are almost no hydrogen compounds in the fluorite and quartz. the rest is reserved; The materials such asγ-Al2O3, CaO and MgO are the major hydrophilic substances.and a part of them combine with water and generate Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2. there still a lot of water reserved byγ-Al2O3. In addition, when the temperature reached 600℃, the mostly hydrogen compounds in the slag are removed; when the temperature reached 800℃, calcium carbonate completely decompose.In the view of hydration resistance technique and the characteristic of slag, effect of the mass percent of lime and industrial alumina content, baking temperature, baking time, granularity, premelted slag on the anti-hydration performance of slag are studied respectively..The results showed that the baking temperature increase, the extension of baking time, granularity increase and the premelted slag are conductive to raise the anti-hydration performance of the slag; on the contrary, increasing lime and industrial alumina content in slag would reduce the anti-hydration performance of the slag. At the same time, the higher the baking temperature is, the more obvious the effect on anti-hydration performance of the slag by other factors is. The research has also finded that increasing CaO would reduce the anti-hydration performance of the premelted slag.Through the thermogravimetric experiment, the pyrolytic decomposition dynamics issues of slag have been studied. The effects of the mass percent of lime, industrial alumina content, baking temperature, thickness of slag on the baking time are studied respectively and and the corresponding dynamic equations are fitted. The experiment result demonstrate that that increasing the thickness of slag decreasing baking temperature increasing content of lime in the slag can significantly extend the baking time; but the effect of industrial alumina content on the baking time is feeble.According to the above mentioned results, when it is strict on the hydrogen content in the ingot, hot slag can be used for ESR on condition that its granularitu is bigger than 0.45mm and baking temperature is higher than 600℃; when cold slag is used for ESR, its need baked over 1000℃and crushed before ESR; when premelted slag is processed for ESR, its need its need baked over 600℃and crushed before ESR.

General unsaturated polyester is a kind of high-performance thermosetting polymer materials, widespread application in industry, agriculture and national defense and so on. As far as the environmental protection and reduction of petroleum resources are considered, the use of renewable resources in the preparation of various industrial materials has been revitalized. In this paper, unsaturated polyester resin （UPR） was prepared from vegetable oil. This study develops a kind of new modified unsaturated polyester with excellent properties of high elongation ratio, good impact properties and flexibility.First, plant oil monoglyceride were obtained from the alcoholysis reaction between soybean oil and glycerol. After study on some important factors such as mole ratio of glycerol to plant oil, synthesis temperature and catalyst, the optimum condition of synthesis was determined. That was: mole ratio was 2.5 : 1, synthesis temperature was 220℃, 0.04% lithium hydroxide was served as catalyst and rate of production was 60%. The structures of the target compounds have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy.Second, the intermediate product plant oil monoglyceride was used in synthesizing unsaturated polyester （UP） to partly replace 1,2-propanediol with maleic anhydride phthalic anhydride and the final UP was characterized by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR. Mechanical properties of the cured resin including flexural, tensile, extensibility and impact properties were also discussed. The results showed that curing heat liberation of UPR decline gradually with increasing SOMG concentrations. Storage modulus and tanδvalues as well as flexural strength, tensile strength also decrease while extensibility and impact strength improve and their values were 102.074KJ/m² and 27.69% respectively. Furthermore its flexibility was good and other mechanical properties satisfied the general operation requirements.Finally, dynamics factors analysis for resin synthesis gives out reaction progression, rate constant and macro reaction activity energy in these reactions. The main synthesis reaction was the second-level reaction and reaction activity energy were 79.69kJ·mol^-1, 85.81kJ·mol^-1, 105.2kJ·mol^-1 and 110.4kJ·mol^-1. The polyreaction kinetics equation was inferred and it is very useful to develop the modified unsaturated polyester resin.

Vanadium, with its strong grain refinement and precipitation strengthening effects, has become the primary alloy additive for high strength steel. As the integration between vanadium and nitrogen is more stable and homogeneous than that between vanadium and carbon, which intensifies the grain refinement and precipitation strengthening effects of vanadium, therefore the purpose of adding vanadium is no longer to eliminate harmful elements in steel but to increase beneficial elements hopefully. The most reliable way of adding vanadium and nitrogen into steel is adding vanadium nitride.Key technologies of vanadium nitride preparation include process technology of vanadium nitride and key technology of processing equipment. The former includes process temperature technology, process atmosphere technology and process formulation technology of vanadium nitride, which is very important for improving mass percentage of nitrogen and vanadium in vanadium nitride products; while the latter is a critical guarantee to the realization of process procedures of vanadium nitride. Main work and studying contents of the article are as follows:1. Using thermodynamic method to study the reaction mechanism of reducing vanadium pentoxide and carbon powder into vanadium nitride under normal pressure, focusing on analyzing the relationship between starting temperature of all levels of carbonization reduction reactions and partial pressure of carbon monoxide in the system, impact of oxygen partial pressure in the system to carbonization reduction reaction, impact of nitrogen partial pressure in the system to closing temperature of nitriding reaction and impact of oxygen partial pressure in the system to closing temperature of oxidation reaction of nitriding products.2. Studying the dynamics of sintering reaction between vanadium pentoxide and carbon powder under normal pressure, including analyzing the relationship between all levels of reaction temperature and reaction velocity, which provides theoretical basis for resolving the issue of low mass percentage of nitrogen and vanadium during the reduction of vanadium nitride.3. Conducting orthogonal tests that impact mass percentage of nitrogen and vanadium in product according to carbon adding coefficient, additive dosage and nitriding time and optimizing processing formulation and nitriding time of vanadium nitride via orthogonal test statistics and variance analysis.4. Studying key technology of processing equipment of vanadium nitride. The time-temperature relationship curve and time-atmosphere relationship curve of sintering vanadium nitride are designed and lining of sintering equipment that meets processing conditions is designed via media analysis to low-temperature section, heating section and high-temperature section of sintering equipment and thermodynamic calculations.In summary, the article studies process temperature technology, process atmosphere technology, process formulation technology and lining technology of process equipment with regard to process technologies and key technology of process equipment for vanadium nitride and resolves the issue of low mass percentage of nitrogen and vanadium in the reduction of vanadium nitride under normal pressure and the corrosion of lining of process equipment. Tests show that the process technology of reducing vanadium pentoxide and carbon powder into vanadium nitride under normal pressure is reasonable and feasible in engineering.

Vibrating Screen is a large-scale mining equipment. Due to its complexity of the load and structure. The box of Vibrating Screen are normally designed using the traditional method of design. it is often appear that the Phenomenon Cracking Box or too heavy . It can be effectively solve the Stiffness and strength of the above-mentioned problems by use of the finite element method. the finite element model of a vibrating screen had been created by Parameters Modeling. It is facility to correct the model and design of optimization. It create convenient conditions for improving the products.The subject of this application of ANSYS finite element analysis software to ZXT-4392 banana-shaped shaker (referred to as the banana screen) for the study. To do the following aspects1. Parameters of the establishment of the banana screen finite element model, and discussed it in detail.2. Banana screen to determine the stress distribution and displacement by its static analysis.3. Banana screen to determine the natural frequency and vibration mode by its modal analysis.4. Banana screen to find the dynamic response distribution.5. Discussing The influence on the rivet connection stiffness.The results show that. The natural frequency of Banana screen is 1.8 times more than the operating frequency’s.Analysis of the larger position of its displacement and stress and Dynamic Response Distribution. The results of this paper for the Improvement of Banana sieve structure provides the basis and reference.It lay the foundation for Optimal Design of banana sieve.

The key factor for assuring that the manipulator can work in good conditions is the ability of forging manipulator to comply with heavy and unpredictable loads. In order to evaluate effectively the influence of compliance movement for the forging manipulator, a multi-disciplinary modeling for describing the compliance movement during one forging process has been established so as to analyze the significance of compliance. Based on the analysis of compliance characteristics, the passive compliance indices of robot manipulator have been proposed and the passive compliance ability of the forging manipulator has been evaluated by these indices, which provides the theoretical basement for both the design and optimization of the forging manipulator.In order to describe the compliance movement of forging manipulator effectively during one forging process, a multi-disciplinary dynamic modeling of forging manipulator including forging, mechanism and hydraulic subsystems has been established. Based on the modular approach, the forging subsystem, mechanism subsystem and hydraulic subsystem have all been expressed in state space equations, which can form the coupling dynamic model by defining the input and output relations among subsystems. The model is utilized to describe and analyze the compliance process and the characteristics for two periods of compliance have been revealed, that is: two degrees of freedom active compliance stage and three degrees of freedom active and passive compliance stage. Because of the different topology of the mechanism subsystem during two stages, the global simulation method based on the proposed idea of the”Replacement of Local Modeling Units”can realize the automatic simulation process. The simulation results show that the compliance movement will protect the manipulator from being damaged by large load, which has great significance for assuring that the manipulator can work in good conditions. In order to evaluate effectively the compliance ability of the forging manipulator, passive compliance indices of general robot manipulator have been established to evaluate the buffering ability under extreme conditions. According to the proposed indices, a robot manipulator is divided into two parts: compliance structure and protected structure. The compliance structure consisting of flexible elements, damping and topology-varying mechanism is used to comply with the heavy external loads while the protected structure consisting of rigid elements with settled topology is the protection goal of the compliance structure. Two indices are proposed based on the energy distribution between these two parts: Static Passive Compliance Index (SPCI) which reveals the ratio of the energy distributed in the compliance structure to the whole system under a specified configuration and Kineto-static Passive Compliance Index (KPCI) which reflects the energy distribution of the robot manipulator to buffer external loads along a predefined trajectory. Based on these indices, the compliance movement has been evaluated and the characteristics of the compliance method have been analyzed, which demonstrate the invariance of the indices.The simulation and evaluation of the compliance process for the forging manipulator in this thesis offer the optimization goal and design principle for the future forging manipulator.

In this paper, a new zeolite biological aerated filter（ZBAF） was developed and employed for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater that was not controlled efficiently and economically. And more attention has been paid to the adsorption of zeolite, process characteristics, removal dynamics, etc.The adsorption capacity for ammonia was significantly improved by 26.77% after modifying natural zeolite under the optimal temperature of 200℃for 3 hours. The adsorbing process was fitted well by Freundlich with correlation parameter over 0.99, and also consonant with pseudo-second-order kinetic equation.It took more time of 10 days for autotrophic bacteria than heterotrophic bacteria to form stable biofilm in ZBAF. During biofilm maturity, ammonia removal is the result of both zeolite adsorption and autotrophic microorganism nitrification. Through continuous stable operation, the optimal operation conditions were obtained as follows: pH 7.5-9.0, hydraulic load 0.25m³·m^-2·h^-1,gas water ratio 30:1;and the removals of COD and NH₄⁺-N were 85%-95% and 65%-70%, respectively. Furthermore, most COD was removed at the bottom of thereactor（0^#-1^# segment） with removal efficiency above 75%, whereas NH₄⁺-N removal was obtained at the top of the reactor（3^#-4^# segment） with efficiency above 50% in the total. It means that autotrphic and heterotrophic bacteria proliferated in different mode of space and time in the biofilter. And segment with lower DO concentration could be regarded as the boundary for separating these two different groups of chemotrophic bacteria. Moreover, in order to illustrate well the block process during ZBAF operation, drag coefficient was firstly established and used as the basis for backwashing determination. And 4-5d was therefore found as the acceptable cycle period.Removal dynamics was investigated as well using experimental data, and the results showed that COD removal was in accordance with first order reaction, with exponential decay model asρ_A=ρ_A0 exp（-0.0082t）.According to the plus-flow state in the reactor, degradation of organicscould be simulated as S=S₀·e^?.

Because of the specificity of high-pressure vessels for nuclear power, the manipulator for high-efficient grinding it is demanded for a high-performance. In order to improve the competitiveness of enterprises, explore the high-efficient grinding mechanism of high-pressure vessels and fill the blank in the high-efficient grinding of high-pressure vessels for nuclear power in China, developing the manipulator for high-pressure vessels for nuclear power is very urgent by making full use of abrasive belt grinding,which is called universal grinding.At this time,the paper mainly focused on kinematics and dynamics analysis on the manipulator of abrasive belt grinding which has six degrees of freedom for high-pressure vessels for nuclear power.Firstly, the simplified model of the manipilator was built. Based on the D-H method, it built the coordinate on the joints, established the kinematics equations.Secondly, the kinematic parameters of the manipulator and the track of the end of the manipulator were solved under a certain trajectory, it’s a prepareation for the research on its statics, kinematics, dynamics analysis of the manipulator. The consideration of the workspace is importance of the design of the manipulator as a result of its big size. It calculated the workspace of the manipulator, based on the Moterkalo arithmetic. The pictures of the workspace were output by MATLAB. That is an intuitive basis for the determination of bars’size.Thirdly, it built the dynamics equation of the manipulator, and inertia matrixes of bars were calculated by the use of MATLAB, which is ready to solve driving torques or driving forces of joints.Fourthly, it built the simple model of the manipulator in the software of ProEngineer, and transmitted it into the ADAM/VIEW by using the interface software MECHANISM/Pro. Then, joints’driving function were set to speed functions, the movement of the manipulator can be seen by simulation. According to the result of the simulation,it can got many data for the model of the manipulator.This paper laid the foundation for the next research on the manipulator , and finished the pre-development work of the manipulator.