There is abundant naphthenic crude oil in China National Offshore Oil Corp. (CNOOC), which can be utilized as the optimal stock to produce the lube base oil. Because the distillate oil has high acid number, it brings many negative effects to the production and the performance of the lube oil. Meanwhile, the naphthenic acid is a very important and valuable raw material that can be used in many areas of the industry processes and the daily life. At present, the way to decrease the acid number is alkali washing-electronic field refining, but there some disadvantages such as the emulsification formation of the oil and water, the generation of the sediment of alkali and serious pollution to environment. Due to various disadvantages present in the way of conventional deacidification the”green solvent”-ionic liquid and the way of hyrodeacidification were used as the alternative methods to remove the naphthenic acid from the distillate oil in this study.In this paper, the [bmim]OH was firstly selected as the deacidification agent from [bmim]BF4, [bmim]OH and [emim]OH. At the same time, the alcohol was chosen as the assistant agent by evaluating the assistant deacidification agent. In the experiment, the No. 2 vacuum cut of cnooc was our sample oil. The optimal operation conditions were obtained by the experiment of the factor influencing the deacidification effect. The result indicated that the removal rate is higher than 76% when the concentration of depickling solvents is 0.1g.ml-1. The ration of solvent to oil is 1:1, the depickling temperature is 40℃and the reaction time is 50min.On the basis of the deacidification experiment, the callback research was carried out as well. Mainly study the hydrolyzing callback and the acidification callback. The experiment indicated that acidification callback has the advantages of the high acid number, short reaction time. In hydrodeacidifiction research, RL-1 was the experimental catalyst and the experimental stock were the atmospheric cut 3 and the vacuum cut 3 distillate oil, the influential factors were decided in partial pressure of hydrogen of 3.2MPa and 6.4MPa, The experimental result show that hydrodeacidification has high deacidification rate, high yield and the hetero atoms can be removed by this way

The bromo-terminated chain transfer agent （CTA） and monomer of functionalized norbornene with the pendant of oligoethyleneoxy group were synthesized. The characterization of the synthesized compounds was carried out by NMR and elemental analysis.Ring-opening metathesis polymerization （ROMP） with functionalized CTA for the preparation of telechelic polymers has the ability to control the polymer molecular weights through the ratio of monomer to CTA （[M]/[CTA]）. The bromo-terminated macroinitiator was prepared via ROMP of norbornene derivative, in conjunction with a CTA in [bmim][BF₄] and in organic solvent. The obtained polymer was characterized via ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The alkene proton signals of the norbornene ring appeared approximately at 6.24ppm. Upon ring-opening and subsequent polymerization, these proton signals shifted upfield to approximately 5.64-5.16ppm, this indicated the polymerization had occurred. The resonances of methylene protons adjacent to the ester bond （CH=CHCH₂OCO） shift from 4.82ppm in the CTA to 4.56ppm in the polymer. These characteristic ¹H NMR resonances indicate that the CTA have been incorporated into the polymer chain. Furthermore, other types of end-groups were observed in their expected regions of the ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Thus, the polymer should be a difunctionalized telechelic macroinitiator with a high degree of bromine end functionalization.ROMP with CTA in [bmim][BF4] exhibited a different performance compared to that in CHCl_, and there has been a better control over polymerization process in [bmim][BF₄] than that in CHCl₃.Based on the telechelic macroinitiator, the amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymer was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP） in [bmim][BF₄]. The prepared PDMAEMA-PNBEDE-PDMAEMA triblock copolymer can self-assemble spontaneously in H₂O to form polymeric micelles, which was characterized by a DLS, AFM, and TEM.

5-hydroxymethylfurfural（5-HMF）and levulinic acid（LA）can be prepared from biomass.Many useful organic compounds derive from 5-HMF and LA,which are expected to be new platform chemicals.In the traditional way,5-HMF and LA are prepared through hydrolyzation of biomass,using sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid as catalysts.Because of the strong toxicity and corrosivity of inorganic acids,some severe problems occur,for example the production of acidic waste solid and liquid and corrosion of the equipments.So what we are trying to do is to dissolve and degrade carbohydrates like glucose,fructose,sucrose and cellulose with green solvent-ionic liquids,consequently obtain high yield of 5-HMF and LA.Several ionic liquids,[bmim]C1,[bmim]Br,[ibmim]Br,[（CH₂）₄SO₃Hmim] [HSO₄],[（Et）₃NH][HSO₄]and[bmim][CF₃SO₃]were synthesized,[bmim]C1, [bmim]Br,[ibmim]Br,[（CH₂）₄SO₃Hmim][HSO₄],[（Et）₃NH][HSO₄],[Hbim][BF₄] and[Hbim][CF₃SO₃]were characterized by IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR in this thesis.These ionic liquids were put into use of dissolution and degradation of carbohydrates. [bmim]C1 dissolved cellulose best with the highest solubility 12 wt%,followed by [bmim]Br and[ibmim]Br with the solubility 7 wt%,while[Hbim][BF₄], [Hbim][CF₃SO₃],[bmim][CF₃SO₃],[（Et）₃NH][HSO₄],[（CH₂）₄SO₃Hmim][HSO₄] were almost insoluble to cellulose.Microwave heating could significantly improve the dissolution rate of cellulose and slightly enhance the solubility.[bmim]C1 could be recycled.LA was not obtained with degradation of cellulose only with ionic liquids. 3.45%yield of LA was reached when the temperature was 112℃,the weight ratio of triethylammonium sulfate and water was 2,weight of cellulose accounted for 4%of all the system and the reaction time was 30 hr.We also got the yield of 5-HMF respectively 47.2%,29.2%,19.3%from the degradation of fructose,glucose and sucrose with ionic liquids.

5-hydroxymethylfurfural（5-HMF）and levulinic acid（LA）can be prepared from biomass.Many useful organic compounds derive from 5-HMF and LA,which are expected to be new platform chemicals.In the traditional way,5-HMF and LA are prepared through hydrolyzation of biomass,using sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid as catalysts.Because of the strong toxicity and corrosivity of inorganic acids,some severe problems occur,for example the production of acidic waste solid and liquid and corrosion of the equipments.So what we are trying to do is to dissolve and degrade carbohydrates like glucose,fructose,sucrose and cellulose with green solvent-ionic liquids,consequently obtain high yield of 5-HMF and LA.Several ionic liquids,[bmim]C1,[bmim]Br,[ibmim]Br,[（CH₂）₄SO₃Hmim] [HSO₄],[（Et）₃NH][HSO₄]and[bmim][CF₃SO₃]were synthesized,[bmim]C1, [bmim]Br,[ibmim]Br,[（CH₂）₄SO₃Hmim][HSO₄],[（Et）₃NH][HSO₄],[Hbim][BF₄] and[Hbim][CF₃SO₃]were characterized by IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR in this thesis.These ionic liquids were put into use of dissolution and degradation of carbohydrates. [bmim]C1 dissolved cellulose best with the highest solubility 12 wt%,followed by [bmim]Br and[ibmim]Br with the solubility 7 wt%,while[Hbim][BF₄], [Hbim][CF₃SO₃],[bmim][CF₃SO₃],[（Et）₃NH][HSO₄],[（CH₂）₄SO₃Hmim][HSO₄] were almost insoluble to cellulose.Microwave heating could significantly improve the dissolution rate of cellulose and slightly enhance the solubility.[bmim]C1 could be recycled.LA was not obtained with degradation of cellulose only with ionic liquids. 3.45%yield of LA was reached when the temperature was 112℃,the weight ratio of triethylammonium sulfate and water was 2,weight of cellulose accounted for 4%of all the system and the reaction time was 30 hr.We also got the yield of 5-HMF respectively 47.2%,29.2%,19.3%from the degradation of fructose,glucose and sucrose with ionic liquids.

The ionic liquids applied in liquid-liquid two-phase systems provide a novel route for the separating and recycling of catalysts. Based on the concept of Thermoregulated Ionic Liquid Biphasic System （TRILC）, a series of quaternary ammonium ionic liquids which were modified by introducing the polyethylene glycol chain and n-octyl have been designed and prepared, of which the structures are shown below:These four ionic liquids were characterized by ¹H-NMR and API-MS accordingly. The melting points and glass transition temperatures of them have been studied by DSC （Differential Scanning Clorimetry）. The results show that their melting points are all less than 100℃. The IL₁ and IL₄ are both liquids under room temperature while the IL₂ and IL₃ are both solids. A decrease of melting points of the salts with an increase in the length of polyethylene glycol chain was observed, meanwhile, the melting points were influenced by the position of n-octyl substitution in the cation. All. of the compounds show the glass transition temperature except for IL₃. The TGA （Thermogravimetric Analysis） shows that these molten were stable up to 210℃. The solubility of these ionic liquids in different solvents was investigated under different temperature. It is found that the two phase system composed of IL₃ or IL₄ with cyclohexane possesses the property of “mono-phase under high temperature, bi-phase under low temperature” respectively. The phase diagram for IL₄ with cyclohexane was then described. The thermoregulated ionic liquid biphasic system was applied in the hydroformylation of 1 -octene catalyzed by Rh/TPPTS complex. The effects of different reaction conditions have been tested and discussed in detail. With a system consisting of 1.0g IL₄, 4.0g cyclohexane the optimum condition is, T=120℃, P（CO:H₂=1:1）=5.0MPa, t=10h, S/C=1000（molar ratio）, P/Rh=8（molar ratio）. Under this condition, the conversion of 1-octene and yield of nonanal are 99.3% and 98.5% respectively. After six times of the catalyst recycle, the conversion of 1-octene and yield of nonanal are still above 98%. The results show the good catalytic activity of RhCl₃·3H₂O/TPPTS complex for hydroformylation of 1-octene in thermoregulated ionic liquid/cyclohexene biphasic system. It is a well-established method for effective catalyst separation and recycling.

At present,the surfactants for domestic oil field lease test mainly depend on import, cost is very high. Many researches mainly focus on some mixed surfactants, petroleum sulphonates and heavy alkyl benzene sulfonates. I’t difficult to satisfy the request for stable and high efficient enhanced oil recovery, now that these products are extremely uncertain, meanwhile, it’s difficult to ascertain which product is the effective one. Therefore, to explore the low price and high efficient surfactant for enhanced oil recovery, which are prepared from distinguish clearly materials, has important using and realistic meaning.The alkylation of benzene with long-chain olefins has been performed in the presence of ionic liquid, the reaction conditions are optimized. It’s found 100% conversion and more than 95% selectivity for the desired products, at the optimum conditions, can be achieved. It’s found that the anions of ionic liquids determine, to a large extent, the physical and chemical properties of ionic liquids, but organic cations mainly influence the physical properties, and have a little impact on the catalytic performances. The alkylation of toluene with bromoalkanes has been investigated in ionic liquid. The conditions for the reaction are optimized, and the optimal reaction conditions are: 8:1 for toluene to bromoalkanes, 4:1 for cyclohexane to bromoalkanes at 40°C for 10min. 99.01% conversion of bromoalkanes and 99.46% target product can be obtained. I’t easy to separate the products from the ionic liquid. The alkylbenzene and alkylmethylbenzene are sulfonated by using 20% oleum as the sulfonating agent. After separation of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid from sulfuric acid, neutralization and desalting, over 95% purity of desired products are obtained.The dynamic interfacial tensions（DIT） between crude oil, offered from DaQing Oilfield, and series of alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkylmethylbenzene sulfonates and alkylmethylnaphthalene sulfonates, flooding systems have been measured. Effect of concentration of surfactants, alkalines and salinity on the DIT behaviors are investigated. It’s found that under the seemly conditions, DIT can reach and maintain ultralow at a long time, and even to reach 10^-5 mN.m^-1 at the optimum conditions. Long time ultralow DIT behavior has been got without alkalines in the mixed surfactants.The relationsip between the structure and properties is summarized. Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, abbreviated HLB, is considered as the key parameters. The range of sulfonate surfactants suitful for tertiary oil recovery is given, which provide theoretical basis for the selection of surfactant used for tertiary oil recovery. The selection method has not been reported in the literature.

Ionic liquids have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Due to their special properties, they are applied as solvents and catalysts in organic chemistry. A large number of ionic liquids have been synthesized and researched. Among them, imidazole ionic liquid (salt) is the hot spots in the field of ionic liquid (salt). So, we synthesized a series of imidazole ionic liquid (salt) and researched their reaction properties. Our research work were focused on three aspects as follow:1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium fluorides were synthesized, and the crystal structure of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium fluoride was shown. The fluoride form hydrogen-bonding with not only H2, H4 or H5, but also the proton of the -NCH3. It is seldom reported about the phenomenon of fluoride forming hydrogen-bonding with C(sp3)-H. From the 1HNMR spector of 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium fluorides. It can be observed obviously about the separate signals of hydrogen- and non-hydrogen-bonded protons in CDCl3 at room temperature. Compared with other imidazolium halides(Cl, Br or I), in CDCl3, the proton H2 of imidazolium fluoride shows a significant change in chemical shift to lower field at the same concentration, which display strong hydrogen-bonding ability.We synthesized a series of new type of imidazole ionic liquid (salt) with push-pull electronic structure. They can be involved in organic reactions as the precursor substances of heterocyclic carbene. The results suggest that heterocyclic carbene can be generated from these new imidazole ionic liquid (salt) under alkaline conditions and react withа,β-unsaturated compounds or benzaldehyde.2,2′-biimidazolium ionic liquids and their complex compound with copper were synthesized. The crystal structure of this coordination compound was discussed.

Enzymatic esterification in nonaqueous media has been widely used in foods, medicine and cosmetic industry. Regulation of solvent engineering is one of important tools in nonaqueous enzymatic catalysis. Ionic liquids, as one of new solvents for their unique properties, such as good thermal stability, special solubility, negligible vapor pressure and variable physical properties, especially its strong polarity hold the promise of regulating instrument in solvent engineering. In this paper, the role of ionic liquids in the synthesis of amyl caprylate catalyzed by lipase from R. miehi (RM IM) or from Candida Antarctica (Novozym 435) was investigated, assisted by microwave irradiation and conventional heating respectively. The main contents and results are as follows:1. The effect of [BMIM][PF6] on the initial reaction rate and reaction profile in the synthesis of amyl caprylate catalyzed by lipase RM IM in different organic solvents were studied. The trend of initial reaction rate with log P (2.0-5.1) in organic solvent in the presence of 1% [BMIM][PF6] was similar as that in organic solvent. The effect of [BMIM][PF6] on the reaction was only related to its addition rather than the solvent mixed with it.The fluorescence spectral analysis indicated that the conformational change coordinated to the change of enzyme activity. The initial reaction rate was decreased with the increase of the dosage of [BMIM][PF6] (1%-3% of caprylic acid, w/w) employed in the reaction in nonane. Further more, inhibition of different amount of [BMIM][PF6] on lipase RM IM was irreversible.2. The effects of [BMIM][PF6] on the optimum reaction temperature and operation stability of immobilized lipase RM IM were investigated. It was found that the optimum reaction temperature in nonane in the presence of 2% [BMIM][PF6] (60 oC ) was higher than that in nonane (50 oC ). Further more, the amount of 1% ionic liquid could improve operation stability of lipase RM IM.3. For ionic liquids with same cationic motie, the conversion of caprylic acid in nonane with 1% ionic liquid of PF6–was obviously higher than that in nonane with 1% ionic liquids of BF4–、Cl–. While for ionic liquids with same anionic motie, PF6–, the conversion of caprylic acid was decreased with the increasing of alkyl chain of imidazole ring. Microwave irradiation also improved the initial reaction rate in the presence of different ionic liquids.4. The effect of [BMIM][PF6] on the synthesis of amyl caprylate catalyzed by lipase Novozym 435 under microwave irradiation was studied. The effects of organic solvents with different log P and the addition of small amount of [BMIM][PF6] on reaction were investigated. The trend of initial reaction rate with log P (2.0-5.1) under microwave irradiation was similar as that under conventional heating in organic solvent. Microwave improved the lipase activity more obviously in polarer solvent. Addition of 2% [BMIM][PF6] didn’t change the optimum water dosage (2% of caprylic acid, w/w). The initial reaction rate decreased first and then increased with the increase of the dosage of [BMIM][PF6](1%-8% of caprylic acid, w/w) in nonane under microwave irradiation. Applying the esterification in a ChemPower microwave reactor, microwave irradiation enhanced the reaction either in nonane or in nonane with [BMIM][PF6] (1% of caprylic acid, w/w).

Traditional ionic liquids sometimes encounter problems of separation when the product was polar and contained many heteroatoms, while catalysts supported on Merrifield resin and magnetic polymer spheres have distinct advantages of separation, so novel kinds of imidazolium ionic liquids combined magnetism and acidity have been designed, synthesized and applied to catalyze the esterification of tributyl citrate.The structure and properties of the novel ionic liquids were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ~1H nuclear magnetic resonance (~1HNMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of FT-IR and ~1HNMR, as well as XRD, have indicated that the structures were agreed with what we have expected. On the basis of TGA data, the thermal stability of the resulting samples was all excellent, which will not degrade until 200℃.From the magnetic curve of magnetic imidazolium ionic liquid supported on Merrifield resin, we can see that the saturation magnetization is 2460 emu/g, while remanence and coercivity are 606.788emu/g and 254.9Oe, respectively.In the meantime, we learned the appearance of the samples via optical microscope, and through sedimentation experiment, the rate and effect of the magnetic separation of the magnetic sample were studied.Finally, the catalytic activities of short alkyl chain, long alkyl chain, solid supported, carboxyl functional, esterificated and magnetic packed ionic liquids were explored and compared. The results implied that, the longer the alkyl chain is, the more activity it is; the structure of solid supporter, the introduction of carboxyl and ester group will all help to improve the activity of the resulting samples. In addition, the magnetic sample exhibits the best catalytic activity among all the catalysts we have used in this study.

The world is heavily depending on the crude oil to meet the increasing need of energy. As a major source of energy, the crude oil is non-renewable and its production is expected to decline dramatically in the next 50 years. There has been a strong research effort worldwide aiming at the commercialization of biomass conversion, fearing the shortages of fossil fuels. Derivatives of cellulose, such as cellulose esters and ethers, are very important commercial materials. More importantly, the broken-down components of cellulose can be used to produce ethanol through fermentation processes. However, the efficient utilization of cellulose as renewable bio-fuel is very challenging, cellulose is neither soluble in water, nor in most organic solvent, mainly due to its hydrogen-bonded supra-molecular structures. For this reason, the degradation or transformation of cellulose is usually achieved in less efficient and costly heterogeneous processes.Rate constant of dissolving cotton litter in ionic liquid was determined under isothermal conditions. Experimental results show that RTIL are non-derivatizing solvent for cellulose. After dissolution and regeneration of cellulose from RTIL solutions, the crystalline form of cellulose decreased due to the broken-down of hydrogen bonds in cotton litter. The kinetic parameters calculated show that dissolution is accompanied with small positive enthalpy and large negative entropy of activation. It is believed that the application of RTILs as solvents of cellulose will solve the pollution problem in cellulose industry and widen the application of cellulose.The initial enzymatic hydrolysis rate of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) vs cellulase concentration follows Michaelis-Menten equation. The adsorption of cellulase on cotton litter follows Langmuir equation and the enzymatic hydrolysis rate is not proportional to the amount of cellulase adsorbed. The modes of enzymatic hydrolysis of cotton litter and soluble cellulose are same, and adsorption might be also needed for enzymatic hydrolysis of soluble cellulose. The enzymatic hydrolysis rate for soluble cellulose is higher than that for cotton litter. Ionic liquid is a nice solvent for cellulose, for it effectively break hydrogen bonds in the supra-molecule of cellulose. Increases the surface area, compared with un-treatment cotton litter, cotton litter dissolved in ionic liquid is conducive to the saccharification process, and the largest adsorption and absorption constant of cellulase adsorbed on cotton litter is the former’s 1.65 times, 1.49 times, respectively.